Vol. 29 (2019)
Artículos de investigación

Caracterización vibracional de grupos funcionales en granos de cacao durante el tostado usando espectroscopía de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier

Leydy Ariana Domínguez-Pérez Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Biografía
Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-6384 (no autenticado) Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Biografía
Juan Barajas-Fernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-2629 (no autenticado) Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Biografía
María de los Ángeles Olán-Acosta Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Biografía
Ricardo García-Alamilla
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-0736 (no autenticado) Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Tamps.

Biografía
Pedro García-Alamilla
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-1327 (no autenticado) Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Biografía

Publicado 2019-10-23

Cómo citar

Caracterización vibracional de grupos funcionales en granos de cacao durante el tostado usando espectroscopía de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier. (2019). Acta Universitaria, 29, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.2172

Resumen

Este trabajo muestra la potencialidad de espectroscopía de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier para evaluar los cambios vibracionales de grupos funcionales durante el tostado de cacao. Treinta asignaciones fueron identificadas en las regiones de vibración, doble enlace y huella dactilar. La segunda derivada del espectro identificó más de 50 picos. Durante el tiempo de tostado, los cambios fueron en intensidad, pero no en las señales. La influencia del contenido de grasa se mostró al desgrasar las muestras. Los cambios principales durante el tostado se presentaron en la región de huella dactilar, identificados por la presencia de señales asignadas a los aminoácidos libres, catequinas, azúcares reductores y metilxantinas identificados de forma principal en el espectro obtenido a partir de la segunda derivada. La espectroscopía de infrarrojo permitió encontrar los cambios estructurales que presentan las muestras de granos de cacao a diferentes tiempos de tostado.

Referencias

  1. Aprotosoaie, A. C., Luca, S. V., & Miron, A. (2016). Flavor Chemistry of Cocoa and Cocoa Products-An Overview. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 15(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12180
  2. Castorena-García, J., Rojas-López, M., Delgado-Macuil, R., & Robles de la Torre, R. R. (2011). Análisis de pulpa y aceite de aguacate con espectroscopia infrarroja. Conciencia Tecnológica, 42.
  3. Cros, E. (1998). Torréfaction. In J. Pontillon (Ed.), Cacao et chocolat. Production, utilisation, caractéristiques.
  4. da Silva Oliveira, C., Fonseca Maciel, L., Spínola Miranda, M., & da Silva Bispo, E. (2011). Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in different cocoa samples from organic and conventional cultivation. British Food Journal, 113(9), 1094–1102. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701111174550
  5. de Brito, E. S., Garcia, N. H. P., Gallao, M. I., Cortelazzo, A. L., Fevereiro, P. S., & Braga, M. R. (2001). Structural and chemical changes in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) during fermentation, drying and roasting. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81(2), 281–288. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1002/1097-0010(20010115)81:2<281::Aid-Jsfa808>3.0.Co;2-B
  6. Edzuan, A. M. F., Majid, N. A. A., & Bong, H. L. (2015). Physical and Chemical Property Changes of Coffee Beans during Roasting. American Journal of Chemistry, 5(3A), 56–60.
  7. https://doi.org/10.5923/c.chemistry.201501.09
  8. Frauendorfer, F., & Schieberle, P. (2008). Changes in Key Aroma Compounds of Criollo Cocoa Beans During Roasting. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(21), 10244–10251. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802098f
  9. Gallignani, M., Torres, M., Ayala, C., & Brunetto, M. (2008). Determinación de cafeína en café mediante espectrometría infrarroja de transformada de Fourier. Rev. Téc. Ing. Univ. Zulia, 31(2), 159–168.
  10. Gorinstein, S., Haruenkit, R., Poovarodom, S., Vearasilp, S., Ruamsuke, P., Namiesnik, J., … Sheng, G. P. (2010). Some analytical assays for the determination of bioactivity of exotic fruits. Phytochemical Analysis, 21(4), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.1207
  11. Hansen, P. E., & Spanget-Larsen, J. (2003). NMR and IR spectroscopy of phenols. In The Chemistry of Phenols (pp. 333–393). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470857277.ch5
  12. Hashim, P., Selamat, J., Kharidah, S., & Ali, A. (1998). Changes in Free Amino Acid , Peptide-N , Sugar and P y razine Concentration during Cocoa Fermentation. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture, 78(4), 535–542. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199812)78:4<543::AID-JSFA152>3.0.CO;2-2
  13. Hu, Y., Pan, Z. J., Liao, W., Li, J., Gruget, P., Kitts, D. D., & Lu, X. (2016). Determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of chocolate by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy. Food Chemistry, 202, 254–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.130
  14. Huang, Y., & Barringer, S. A. (2011). Monitoring of Cocoa Volatiles Produced during Roasting by Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Journal of Food Science, 76(2), C279–C286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01984.x
  15. Johnson, I. M., Prakash, H., Prathiba, J., Raghunathan, R., & Malathi, R. (2012). Spectral Analysis of Naturally Occurring Methylxanthines (Theophylline, Theobromine and Caffeine) Binding with DNA. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e50019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050019
  16. Lehrian, D. W., & Patterson, G. R. (1983). Cocoa fermentation. In Food and Feed Production with Microorganisms (pp. 529 – 575).
  17. Liu, X., Xu, C., Sun, S., Huang, J., Zhang, K., Li, G., … Wang, J. (2012). Discrimination of different genuine Danshen and their extracts by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 97, 290–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.06.013
  18. Luna, F., Crouzillat, D., Cirou, L., & Bucheli, P. (2002). Chemical Composition and Flavor of Ecuadorian Cocoa Liquor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(12), 3527–3532. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0116597
  19. Movasaghi, Z., Rehman, S., & ur Rehman, D. I. (2008). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Biological Tissues. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 43(2), 134–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920701829043
  20. Ng, S., Lasekan, O., Muhammad, K., Sulaiman, R., & Hussain, N. (2014). Effect of roasting conditions on color development and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) analysis of Malaysian-grown tropical almond nuts (Terminalia catappa L.). Chemistry Central Journal, 8(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-014-0055-2
  21. NMX-F-615-NORMEX-2004. (2004). Alimentos-determinación de extracto etéreo (método soxhlet) en alimentos-método de prueba. México.
  22. Rivera, W., Velasco, X., & Rincón, C. A. (2013). Evaluación por TGA y FTIR de los cambios de composición producidos por la tostión en granos de café. Revista Colombiana de Fisica, 45(3), 205–208.
  23. Sacchetti, G., Ioannone, F., De Gregorio, M., Di Mattia, C., Serafini, M., & Mastrocola, D. (2016). Non enzymatic browning during cocoa roasting as affected by processing time and temperature. Journal of Food Engineering, 169, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.08.018
  24. Saltini, R., Akkerman, R., & Frosch, S. (2013). Optimizing chocolate production through traceability: A review of the influence of farming practices on cocoa bean quality. Food Control, 29(1), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.054
  25. Schulz, H., & Baranska, M. (2007). Identification and quantification of valuable plant substances by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 43(1), 13–25.
  26. Schwan, R. F., & Wheals, A. E. (2004). The Microbiology of Cocoa Fermentation and its Role in Chocolate Quality. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(4), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690490464104
  27. Silverstein, R., Xebster, F., & Kiemle, D. (2005). Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(76)87024-X
  28. Silwar, R. (1988). Quantitative determination of steam-volatile aroma constituents. Cafe Cacao The, 3, 243–250.
  29. Timbie, D. J., Sechrisf, L., & Keeney, P. G. (1978). Application O F High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography T O the Study O F Variables Affecting Theobromine and Caffeine Concentrations in Cocoa Beans. Journal of Food Science, 43, 560–562.
  30. Torres-Moreno, M., Torrescasana, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., & Blanch, C. (2015). Nutritional composition and fatty acids profile in cocoa beans and chocolates with different geographical origin and processing conditions. Food Chemistry, 166, 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.141
  31. Veselá, A., Barros, A. S., Synytsya, A., Delgadillo, I., Copíková, J., & Coimbra, M. A. (2007). Infrared spectroscopy and outer product analysis for quantification of fat, nitrogen, and moisture of cocoa powder. Analytica Chimica Acta, 601(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.08.039
  32. Wollgast, J., & Anklam, E. (2000). Review on polyphenols in Theobroma cacao: Changes in composition during the manufacture of chocolate and methodology for identification and quantification. Food Research International, 33(6), 423–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00068-5
  33. Wood, G. A. R. (George A. R., & Lass, R. A. (1987). Cocoa. Longman Scientific & Technical.
  34. Zzaman, W., & Yang, T. A. (2013). Effect of Superheated Steam and Convection Roasting on Changes in Physical Properties of Cocoa Bean (Theobroma cacao). Food Sci. Technol. Res, 19(2), 181–186. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fstr/19/2/19_181/_pdf