Environment and genotype: Effects on yield and its components, and phenology in common beans

Abstract

The effect of seasonal crop cycle and soil water content on the genotype and its interaction, in seed yield (SY) and its components, and phenology was determined in the spring-summer cycle 2013 (SS13) and summer-fall cycle 2014 (SF14) under irrigation (I) and rainfed (RF) conditions at Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico. Twelve genotypes were grown in a complete block design with three replicates in I and RF; plots consisted of four furrows 0.8 m × 5 m. A fertilizer rate of 80-40-00 was used. SY, aerial biomass, pods m^-2, seeds m^-2, weight of 100 seeds, seeds per pod and plant height in SS13 and I were 65%, 49%, 50%, 63%, 10% y 17%, and 35 cm higher than in SF14 and 17%, 16%, 19%, 19%, 6% and 4 %, and 7 cm greater than in RF, whereas the beginning of flowering, anthesis and physiological maturity in SS13 and I occurred 5 d, 6 d and 7 d and 2 d, 2d and 4 d earlier than in SF14 and RF, respectively. The environment × genotype interaction showed seasonal crop cycle had a greater effect on the genotype than soil water deficit.