Vol. 34 (2024)
Artículos de Investigación

Violence against women and its association with education levels: an analysis of the National Survey on Household Relationship Dynamics, Mexico 2021

PDF (Español (España)) XML (Español (España))
  • Alejandro Mosiño,
  • Samantha Lizbet Cardoso Torres
Alejandro Mosiño
Departamento de Economía y Finanzas, Universidad de Guanajuato
Samantha Lizbet Cardoso Torres
Universidad de Guanajuato
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2024.3996

Published 2024-03-13

How to Cite

Mosiño, A., & Cardoso Torres, S. L. (2024). Violence against women and its association with education levels: an analysis of the National Survey on Household Relationship Dynamics, Mexico 2021. Acta Universitaria, 34, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2024.3996

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the association between educational level and the incidence of violence against women, using data from the 2021 Mexican National Survey on Household Relationship Dynamics. It focuses on women older than 15 years old and employs logistic models to investigate this association. Findings indicate a negative association between education and violence against women. Furthermore, violence is positively associated with violence experienced during childhood and age, and it is more prevalent among women in Central and Southern Mexico. The study suggests that access to education, both free and equal, could play a crucial role in preventing and eradicating violence against women.

PDF (Español (España)) XML (Español (España))

References

  1. Ackerson, L. K., & Subramanian, S. V. (2008). State gender inequality socioeconomic status and intimate partner violence (IPV) in India: a multilevel analysis. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 43(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2008.tb00091.x
  2. Adams, A. E., Sullivan, C. M., Bybee, D., & Greeson, M. R. (2008). Development of the scale of economic abuse. Violence Against Women, 14(5), 563–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801208315529
  3. Aizer, A. (2010). The gender wage gap and domestic violence. American Economic Review, 100(4), 1847–1859. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.4.1847
  4. Al-Yaman, F., Van Doeland, M., & Wallis, M. (2006). Family violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/indigenous-australians/family-violence-indigenous-peoples/summary.
  5. Amoakohene, M. I. (2004). Violence against women in Ghana: a look at womens perceptions and review of policy and social responses. Social Science & Medicine 59(11), 2373–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.001
  6. Anderson, K. L. (1997). Gender status, and domestic violence: an integration of feminist and family violence approaches. Journal of Marriage and Family, 59(3), 655-669. https://doi.org/10.2307/353952
  7. Aslam, M. (2013). Empowering women: education and the pathways of change. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000225925.locale=es.
  8. Avila-Burgos, L., Valdez-Santiago, R. Hı́jar, M., del Rio-Zolezzi, A., Rojas-Martı́nez, R., & Medina-Solı́s, C. E. (2009). Factors associated with severity of intimate partner abuse in Mexico: results of the first national survey of violence against women. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 100(6), 436–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404340
  9. Barnett, O. W. (2000). Why battered women do not leave, Part 1: external inhibiting factors within society. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1(4), 343–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838000001004003
  10. Bose, S., Trent, K., & South, S. J. (2013). The effect of a male surplus on intimate partner violence in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 48(35), 53-61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914764/
  11. Briseño-Maas, M. L., &and Bautista-Martínez, E. (2016). La violencia hacia las mujeres en Oaxaca. En los caminos de la desigualdad y la pobreza. LiminaR Estudios Sociales y Humanísticos, 14(2), 15–27. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1665-80272016000200015&script=sci_arttext
  12. Castellanos, V. (2021). Violencia contra la mujer, construyendo su dignificad. Lo jurídico, psicológico y laboral. Investigación & Negocios, 14(24), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.38147/invneg.v14i24.146
  13. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). 2022. Violencia feminicida en cifras América Latina y el Caribe. Poner fin a la violencia contra las mujeres y niñas y al femicidio o feminicidio: reto clave para la construcción de una sociedad del cuidado. https://oig.cepal.org/es/documentos/poner-fin-la-violencia-mujeres-ninas-al-femicidio-o-feminicidio-reto-clave-la.
  14. Cools, S., & Andreas, K. (2017). Resources and intimate partner violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 95, 211–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.027
  15. Cramer, J. S. (2003). Logit models from economics and other fields. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615412
  16. Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF). (01 de febrero de 2007). DECRETO por el que se expide la Ley General de Acceso de las Mujeres a una Vida Libre de Violencia. Secretaría de Gobernación (Segob). https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lgamvlv/LGAMVLV_orig_01feb07.pdf
  17. Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(6), 607–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.018
  18. Fulu, E., Jewkes, R. Roselli, T., & Garcia-Moreno, C. (2013). Prevalence of and factors associated with male perpetration of intimate partner violence: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific. The Lancet Global Health, 1(4), e187–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70074-3
  19. Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on womens health and domestic violence. The Lancet 368(9543), 1260–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8
  20. Gracia, Enrique, & Herrero, J. (2006). Acceptability of domestic violence against women in the European Union: a multilevel analysis. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 60(2) 123–29. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.036533
  21. Halim, D., Ubfal, D., & Wangchuk, R. (2023). Policy lessons on reducing gender-based violence. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/52a01fc9-eac2-4354-898c-b2b6f8eed06a/content
  22. Heise, L. L. (1998). Violence against women: an integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women, 4(3) 262–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801298004003002
  23. Indermaur, D. (2001). Young Australians and domestic violence. Trends & Issues in crime and criminal justice, (195), 1-6. https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi195
  24. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2019). En Números: Documentos de análisis y estadísticas. Patrones y tendencias de los homicidios en México. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=702825188436
  25. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2021). Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares: Principales Resultados. INEGI. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/endireh/2021/
  26. Jewkes, R. (2002). Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. The Lancet, 359(9315), 1423–1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08357-5
  27. Jewkes, R., Levin, J., & Penn-Kekana, L. (2002). Risk factors for domestic violence: findings from a South African cross-sectional study. Social Science & Medicine, 55(9), 1603–1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00294-5
  28. Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women’s empowerment: a critical analysis of the third millennium development goal. Gender and Development, 13(1), 13-24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20053132
  29. Kaukinen, C. (2008). Status compatibility, physical violence, and emotional abuse in intimate relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 452–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.00031.x
  30. Klencakova, L. E., Pentaraki, M., & McManus, C. (2023). The impact of intimate partner violence on young women's educational well-being: a systematic review of literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(2), 1172-1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211052244
  31. Klugman, J., Hanmer, L., Twigg, S., Hasan, T., McCleary-Sills, J., & Santamaria, J. (2014). Voice and agency: empowering women and girls for shared prosperity. The World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19036
  32. Masaiti, G., Mapoma, C. C., Muyapekwa, S., & Kasonde, M. (2022). The relationship between spousal violence and levels of education: an analysis of the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013/14. International Journal of African Higher Education, 9(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v9i1.15229
  33. Meyer, S. R., Lasater, M. E., & García-Moreno, C. (2020). Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE, 15(9), e0239560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560
  34. Moore, A. R. (2008). Types of violence against women and factors influencing intimate partner violence in Togo (West Africa). Journal of Family Violence, 23(8), 777–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9203-6
  35. Morel, J. G. (1989). Logistic regression under complex survey designs. Survey Methodology, 15(2), 202–223. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/12-001-x/1989002/article/14567-eng.pdf
  36. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2021a). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341337
  37. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2021b). Violencia contra la mujer. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
  38. Rivera-Rivera, L., Lazcano-Ponce, E., Salmerón-Castro, J., Salazar-Martínez, E., Castro, R., & Hernández-Ávila, M. (2004). Prevalence and determinants of male partner violence against Mexican women: a population-based study. Salud Pública de México, 46(2), 113–21. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=16265
  39. Sardinha, L., Maheu-Giroux, M., Stöckl, H., Meyer, S. R., & Garcı́a-Moreno, C. (2022). Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018. The Lancet, 399(10327), 803–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02664-7
  40. Secretaría de Gobernación (Segob). (2016). El costo de la violencia contra las mujeres en México. Segob. https://oig.cepal.org/sites/default/files/el_costo_de_la_violencia_contra_las_mujeres_en_mexico.pdf
  41. Taillieu, T. L., & Brownridge, D. A. (2010). Violence against pregnant women: prevalence patterns, risk factors, theories, and directions for future research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(1), 14–35. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.avb.2009.07.013
  42. UN Woman. (2020). COVID-19 and ending violence against women and girls. https://eca.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/04/issue-brief-covid-19-and-ending-violence-against-women-and-girls-1
  43. Weitzman, A. (2018). Does increasing women’s education reduce their risk of intimate partner violence? evidence from an education policy reform. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 56(3), 574–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12181
  44. Widom, C. S., Czaja, S., & Dutton, M. A. (2014). Child abuse and neglect and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: a prospective investigation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(4), 650–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.11.004