Vol. 34 (2024)
Artículos de Investigación

Training needs to develop entrepreneurial skills in small-scale farmers. The case of the community of San Pablo Huixtepec, Oaxaca

Carlos Alberto Cortés Rodríguez
Chapingo Autonomous University
Bio
Gladys Martínez Gómez
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Bio
José Luis Romo Lozano
Chapingo Autonomous University
Bio
Rita Schwentesius Rinderman
Chapingo Autonomous University
Bio
Dora María Sangerman Jarquín
National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research
Bio

Published 2024-07-10

How to Cite

Cortés Rodríguez, C. A., Martínez Gómez, G., Romo Lozano, J. L., Schwentesius Rinderman, R., & Sangerman Jarquín, D. M. (2024). Training needs to develop entrepreneurial skills in small-scale farmers. The case of the community of San Pablo Huixtepec, Oaxaca. Acta Universitaria, 34, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2024.4106

Abstract

The objective of this study was to detect the training needs of farmers located in San Pablo Huixtepec, Oaxaca, to strengthen their entrepreneurial skills through the Borich model (1980). This initiative has been used in the educational area and in the food sector based on the needs of the participants. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was done with information from 30 farmers interested in training. From a list of 16 themes, the weighted mean discrepancy scores were calculated and classified according to their priority. Those that obtained the highest score were the use of networks to promote products and services (WMDS = 5.13), the management of technologies (ICT) for the promotion and development of the product (WMDS = 4.63), and the recognition of opportunities for the growth of the productive unit (WMDS = 4.62).

References

  1. Ajayi, M., & Fapojuwo, O. (2013). Agricultural education and training as panacea for sustainable food security in the developing countries. International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (IPCBEE), 57, 62–66. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20143181963
  2. Anand, K., & Krishna, K. V. S. M. (1994). Agricultural entrepreneurship: the concept and evidence. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135579400300106
  3. Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, S., Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2019). Factors influencing the entrepreneurial capacity of young farmers for farmer succession. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119
  4. Ashraf, E., Sarwar, A., Junaid, M., Baig, M. B., Shurjeel, H. K., & Barrick, R. K. (2020). An assessment of in-service training needs for agricultural extension field staff in the scenario of climate change using Borich Needs Assessment Model. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 36(2), 427–446. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2020/36.2.427.446
  5. Baum, J. R., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 587–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.587
  6. Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. The University of Chicago Press.
  7. Borich, G. D. (1980). A needs assessment model for conducting follow-up studies. Journal of Teacher Education, 31(3), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248718003100310
  8. Bournaris, T., Correia, M., Guadagni, A., Karouta, J., Krus, A., Lombardo, S., Lazaridou, D., Loizou, E., Marques da Silva, J. R., Martínez-Guanter, J., Michailidis, A., Nastis, S., Paltaki, A., Partalidou, M., Pérez-Ruiz, M., Ribeiro, Á., Valero, C., & Vieri, M. (2022). Current skills of students and their expected future training needs on precision agriculture: evidence from Euro-Mediterranean higher education institutes. Agronomy, 12, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020269
  9. Cieslik, K., & D’Aoust, O. (2018). Risky business? Rural entrepreneurship in subsistence markets: evidence from Burundi. European Journal of Development Research, 30(4), 693–717. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-017-0100-9
  10. Cortés-Rodríguez, C. A., Martínez-Gómez, G., Romo-Lozano, J. L., & Arvizu-Barrón, E. (2023). Evaluation of the entrepreneurial ability of small-scale farmers through the Rasch–Andrich model. Agriculture, 13(3), 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030721
  11. Cortés-Rodríguez, C. A., Martínez-Gómez, G., Vega-Martínez, D., & Sangerman-Jarquín, D. M. (2022). Capacitación para el emprendimiento agrícola: un análisis bibliométrico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 13(7), 1271–1283. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i7.3136
  12. Dash, D., Amardeep, A., Kameswari, V. L. V., & Bhardwaj, N. (2021). Agri-entrepreneurial training needs of tribal youth in Odisha state, India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(11), 1580–1585. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i11.118533
  13. Daudu, A. K., Oladipo, F. O., & Kayode, A. O. (2019). Gender capacity building needs on soil fertility management practices among smallholder arable crop farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18(3), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.06.003
  14. Davidsson, P. (2016). What is entrepreneurship?. En Z. J. Acs & D. B. Audretsch (eds.), Researching entrepreneurship: conceptualization and design (pp. 1–19). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26692-3_1
  15. Dias, C. S. L., Rodrigues, R. G., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019a). Agricultural entrepreneurship: Going back to the basics. Journal of Rural Studies, 70, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.06.001
  16. Dias, C. S. L., Rodrigues, R. G., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019b). What’s new in the research on agricultural entrepreneurship?. Journal of Rural Studies, 65, 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.11.003
  17. Dlamini, S. I., & Huang, W. C. (2020). Towards intensive co-operated agribusiness: a gender-based comparative Borich Needs Assessment Model Analysis of beef cattle farmers in Eswatini. Agriculture, 10(4), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040096
  18. Elhamoly, A. I. M. A., Koledoye, G. F., & Kamel, A. (2014). Assessment of training needs for Egyptian extension specialists (SMSs) in organic farming field: use of the Borich Needs Model. Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 15(3), 180–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2014.921110
  19. Fitz-Koch, S., Nordqvist, M., Carter, S., & Hunter, E. (2018). Entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector: a literature review and future research opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(1), 129–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717732958
  20. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2019). Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ena/2019/
  21. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2022). San Pablo Huixtepec, Oaxaca. México en Cifras. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/?ag=20295#collapse-Resumen
  22. Instituto Nacional para el Desarrollo de Capacidades del Sector Rural (INCA Rural). (2023). Instituto Nacional para el Desarrollo de Capacidades del Sector Rural. Gobierno de México. https://www.gob.mx/incarural
  23. Kantis, H., Ishida, M., & Komori, M. (2002). Empresarialidad en economías emergentes: creación y desarrollo de nuevas empresas en América Latina y el Este de Asia. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
  24. Lans, T., Seuneke, P., & Klerkx, L. (2013). Agricultural entrepreneurship. En E. G. Carayannis (ed.), Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (pp. 44–49). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_496
  25. Makau, D. N., VanLeeuwen, J. A., Gitau, G. K., Muraya, J., McKenna, S. L., Walton, C., & Wichtel, J. J. (2018). Effectiveness of using cellphone technology as a dairy management training tool for smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30(11), 1–11. www.lrrd.org/lrrd30/11/dennm30195.html
  26. Martínez, G. G., & Romo, J. L. L. (2019). Educación para la conservación de suelos entre los pequeños productores agrícolas. En R. de Gortari & M. J. Santos (eds.), Políticas globales y prácticas locales para el cuidado del medio ambiente (pp. 57–83). IIS-Bonilla Artigas.
  27. McElwee, G. (2006). Farmers as entrepreneurs: developing competitive skills. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946706000398
  28. McElwee, G. (2008). A taxonomy of entrepreneurial farmers. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 6(3), 465–478. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2008.019139
  29. McKim, B. R., & Saucier, P. R. (2011). An excel-based mean weighted discrepancy score calculator. Journal of Extension, 49(2), 31. https://doi.org10.34068/joe.49.02.31
  30. Oladele, I. (2015). Borich needs model analysis of professional competence among extension officers in North West Province, South Africa. Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 16(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2015.1013110
  31. Olorunfemi, T. O., Olorunfemi, O. D., & Oladele, O. I. (2020). Borich needs model analysis of extension agents’ competence on climate smart agricultural initiatives in South West Nigeria. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 26(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1693406
  32. Oosterbeek, H., van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
  33. Opolot, H. N., Isubikalu, P., Obaa, B. B., & Ebanyat, P. (2018). Influence of university entrepreneurship training on farmers’ competences for improved productivity and market access in Uganda. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1469211
  34. Phelan, C., & Sharpley, R. (2012). Exploring entrepreneurial skills and competencies in farm tourism. Local Economy, 27(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094211429654
  35. Pindado, E., Sánchez, M., Verstegen, J. A. A. M., & Lans, T. (2018). Searching for the entrepreneurs among new entrants in European Agriculture: the role of human and social capital. Land Use Policy, 77, 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.014
  36. Pliakoura, A., Beligiannis, G., & Kontogeorgos, A. (2020). Education in agricultural entrepreneurship: training needs and learning practices. Education and Training, 62(7–8), 723–739. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2020-0095
  37. Pongsiri, T., Hannakin, P., & Toopgajank, S. (2019). Training on agriculture extension as a predictor of entrepreneurial behaviours of the farmers: Mediating role of orientations. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(2), 142–159. https://ww.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss2/7209_Pongsiri_2019_E_R.pdf
  38. Ramesh, P., Thammi Raju, D., Reddy, K. M., Krishnan, P., Biswas, A., & Umamaheshwari, T. (2019). Perception of teaching competencies by administrators, faculty and students of Indian agricultural universities: an assessment of faculty training needs. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 25(4), 337–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1609997
  39. Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: a meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701595438
  40. Rosairo, H. S. R., & Potts, D. J. (2016). A study on entrepreneurial attitudes of upcountry vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 6(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-07-2014-0024
  41. Salau, E. S., Adua, M. M., Maimako, M. B., & Alanji, J. (2017). Entrepreneurship skills of small and medium scale poultry farmers in Central Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 21(3), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v21i3.12
  42. Saleh, J. M., Man, N., Lafta, A. H., Saleh, M. H., Hassan, S., Nawi, N. M., & Kshash, B. H. (2016). A review: training requirement of agriculture extension officers in Iraq. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(2), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2016.34.40
  43. Sandhu, N., Hussain, J., & Matlay, H. (2012). Entrepreneurship education and training needs of family businesses operating in the agricultural sector of India. Education and Training, 54(8), 727–743. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211274855
  44. Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development. Transaction Publishers.
  45. Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). (2022). Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera: producción agrícola. https://www.gob.mx/siap
  46. Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of enterpreneurship as a field of research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
  47. United Nations (UN). (2018). The 2030 agenda and the sustainable development goals: an opportunity for Latin America and the Caribbean. Goals, targets and global indicators. https://repositorio.cepal.org/entities/publication/1a875454-76d9-48fd-a4d2-a0d4526a4c96